[113][114], In 2012, a ten-year longitudinal study found that dampness and mold seemed to be an underlying cause of sick-building syndrome. These small organisms can be black, white, orange, green, or purple and live almost anywhere indoors and outside. Another form of hypersensitivity is hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Currently available data suggest mold’s effects are more the result of chronic activation of the immune system, leading to chronic inflammation. According to the World Health Organization, roughly 25% of the world's food may be contaminated by mycotoxins. In a study on the health effects of mold exposure after hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the predominant types of mold were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium with indoor spore counts ranging from 6,142 – 735,123 spores m−3. Mycotoxins can be found on the mold spore and mold fragments, and therefore they can also be found on the substrate upon which the mold grows. The womb. People at higher risk for mold allergies are people with chronic lung illnesses and weak immune systems, which can often result in more severe reactions when exposed to mold. In abnormally high quantities, they can present especially hazardous health risks to humans after prolonged exposure, with three generally accepted mechanisms of harm and a fourth probable mechanism: Studies have shown that people who are atopic (sensitive), already suffer from allergies, asthma, or compromised immune systems[8] and occupy damp or moldy buildings are at an increased risk of health problems such as inflammatory responses to mold spores, metabolites such as mycotoxins, and other components. United States Food Safety and Inspection Service > Molds On Food: Are They Dangerous? [78][79][80] Researchers also contested whether the amount of spores that could be breathed in by humans would be sufficient to cause a toxic effect and that no association between spore counts and adverse health effects existed. For the term mold may also exist other definitions and meanings, the meaning and definition indicated above are indicative not be used for medical and legal or special purposes. 3. In 2008, the United States Government Accountability Office published a report on indoor mold, reviewing the literature to date and acknowledging the possibility of immune and toxic effects, while calling for further research. Mycotoxins are not produced all the time, but only under specific growing conditions. Meaning and definition of mold : A rapidly growing, asexually reproducing fungus. Exposure to mold can cause several health issues such as; throat irritation, nasal stuffiness, eye irritation, cough, and wheezing, as well as skin irritation in some cases. They include the familiar bread mold, Rhizopus stolonifer, which rapidly propagates on the surfaces of breads, fruits, and vegetables. [193], In 2010, a jury awarded $1.2 million in damages in a lawsuit against a landlord for neglecting to repair a mold-infested house in Laguna Beach, California. [15] Children with pre-existing conditions were at greater risk that can likely be attributed to the greater disruption of care in the face of flooding and natural disaster. [9] Other problems are respiratory and/or immune system responses including respiratory symptoms, respiratory infections, exacerbation of asthma, and rarely hypersensitivity pneumonitis, allergic alveolitis, chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic fungal sinusitis. [ "article:topic", "zygomycota", "authorname:boundless", "showtoc:no" ], https://bio.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FIntroductory_and_General_Biology%2FBook%253A_General_Biology_(Boundless)%2F24%253A_Fungi%2F24.3%253A_Classifications_of_Fungi%2F24.3B%253A_Zygomycota_-_The_Conjugated_Fungi, information contact us at info@libretexts.org, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Describe the ecology and reproduction of Zygomycetes.
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